CSUF cybersecurity students compete to hack into vulnerable systems – Orange County Register


Last fall, Cal State Fullerton cybersecurity students competed in the Collegiate Penetration Testing Competition where teams of students from the region met to determine how to hack the security systems of an airport and then presented a report of their findings to executives.

The Cal State Fullerton team of six students placed second in the high-pressure competition, which provided real-world experience that they will bring to the jobs that await them once they graduate. Business sponsors often recruit winners for employment during these events, said Mikhail Gofman, professor of computer science and director of the ECS Center for Cybersecurity in the College of Engineering and Computer Science.

Penetration testing means trying to break through the security systems of a business by using the same tools and techniques that hackers use. If a penetration tester can discover and exploit a vulnerability, Gofman said, then so can an attacker.

“This is often called the security governance,” Gofman said, “the goal of which is to ensure the cybersecurity of the company. It is driven by risk management, and, of course, cyberattacks are a big part of the company risk management, because a cyberattack can have very devastating consequences.”

The regional competition focused on the security systems of an airport. “They weren’t actually real airport systems, but real networks which simulated what a network infrastructure of an airport would look like,” Gofman said. “The students had 12 hours, from morning to night, to conduct the penetration test to find and exploit as many security vulnerabilities as possible.”

Then they had to write a professional penetration testing report that communicated their findings in plain language.

“Our goal as a team was to try to fully compromise the company, given only a set of IP ranges and some scattered fictitious employee information they left on the internet for us to exploit,” said fourth-year student Katherine Chen, who was a member of the winning team.

“You use public information on the internet to impersonate someone and use their information for malicious purposes, which we were successfully able to do,” Chen said. “At…

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N. Korea-linked Kimsuky Shifts to Compiled HTML Help Files in Ongoing Cyberattacks


Mar 24, 2024NewsroomArtificial Intelligence / Cyber Espionage

Compiled HTML Help Files

The North Korea-linked threat actor known as Kimsuky (aka Black Banshee, Emerald Sleet, or Springtail) has been observed shifting its tactics, leveraging Compiled HTML Help (CHM) files as vectors to deliver malware for harvesting sensitive data.

Kimsuky, active since at least 2012, is known to target entities located in South Korea as well as North America, Asia, and Europe.

According to Rapid7, attack chains have leveraged weaponized Microsoft Office documents, ISO files, and Windows shortcut (LNK) files, with the group also employing CHM files to deploy malware on compromised hosts.

The cybersecurity firm has attributed the activity to Kimsuky with moderate confidence, citing similar tradecraft observed in the past.

Cybersecurity

“While originally designed for help documentation, CHM files have also been exploited for malicious purposes, such as distributing malware, because they can execute JavaScript when opened,” the company said.

The CHM file is propagated within an ISO, VHD, ZIP, or RAR file, opening which executes a Visual Basic Script (VBScript) to set up persistence and reach out to a remote server to fetch a next-stage payload responsible for gathering and exfiltrating sensitive data.

Rapid7 described the attacks as ongoing and evolving, targeting organizations based in South Korea. It also identified an alternate infection sequence that employs a CHM file as a starting point to drop batch files tasked with harvesting the information and a PowerShell script to connect to the C2 server and transfer the data.

“The modus operandi and reusing of code and tools are showing that the threat actor is actively using and refining/reshaping its techniques and tactics to gather intelligence from victims,” it said.

The development comes as Broadcom-owned Symantec revealed that the Kimsuky actors are distributing malware impersonating an application from a legitimate Korean public entity.

“Once compromised, the dropper installs an Endoor backdoor malware,” Symantec said. “This threat enables attackers to collect sensitive information from the victim or install additional malware.”

It’s worth noting that the Golang-based Endoor,…

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Apple Chip Flaw Leaks Secret Encryption Keys


The next time you stay in a hotel, you may want to use the door’s deadbolt. A group of security researchers this week revealed a technique that uses a series of security vulnerabilities that impact 3 million hotel room locks worldwide. While the company is working to fix the issue, many of the locks remain vulnerable to the unique intrusion technique.

Apple is having a tough week. In addition to security researchers revealing a major, virtually unpatchable vulnerability in its hardware (more on that below), the United States Department of Justice and 16 attorneys general filed an antitrust lawsuit against the tech giant, alleging that its practices related to its iPhone business are illegally anticompetitive. Part of the lawsuit highlights what it calls Apple’s “elastic” embrace of privacy and security decisions—particularly iMessage’s end-to-end encryption, which Apple has refused to make available to Android users.

Speaking of privacy, a recent change to cookie pop-up notifications reveals the number of companies each website shares your data with. A WIRED analysis of the top 10,000 most popular websites found that some sites are sharing data with more than 1,500 third parties. Meanwhile, employer review site Glassdoor, which has long allowed people to comment about companies anonymously, has begun encouraging people to use their real names.

And that’s not all. Each week, we round up the security and privacy news we don’t cover in depth ourselves. Click the headlines to read the full stories. And stay safe out there.

Apple’s M-series of chips contain a flaw that could allow an attacker to trick the processor into revealing secret end-to-end encryption keys on Macs, according to new research. An exploit developed by a team of researchers, dubbed GoFetch, takes advantage of the M-series chips’ so-called data memory-dependent prefetcher, or DMP. Data stored in a computer’s memory have addresses, and DMP’s optimize the computer’s operations by predicting the address of data that is likely to be accessed next. The DMP then puts “pointers” that are used to locate data addresses in the machine’s memory cache. These caches can be accessed by an attacker in…

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Sign1 malware campaign already infected 39,000 WordPress sites


Large-scale Sign1 malware campaign already infected 39,000+ WordPress sites

Pierluigi Paganini
March 23, 2024

A large-scale malware campaign, tracked as Sign1, has already compromised 39,000 WordPress sites in the last six months.

Sucurity researchers at Sucuri spotted a malware campaign, tracked as Sign1, which has already compromised 39,000 WordPress sites in the last six months.

The experts discovered that threat actors compromised the websites implanting malicious JavaScript injections that redirect visitors to malicious websites.

Querying SiteCheck, the researchers discovered that the campaign infected over 2,500 sites in the past two months. 

“Plugins that allow for arbitrary JavaScript and other code to be inserted into a website are especially useful for website owners and developers but can also be abused by attackers in a compromised environment. Since these types of plugins allow for pretty much any code at all to be added, attackers often use them to insert their malicious or spammy payload.” reads the report published by the experts. “Sure enough, checking the plugin settings revealed our culprit nestled inside Custom CSS & JS

The threat actors behind Sign1 inject malicious JavaScript into legitimate plugins and HTML widgets. The injected code includes a hard-coded array of numbers that uses XOR encoding to get new values.

The experts decoded the XOR-encoded JavaScript code and discovered which it was used to execute a JavaScript file hosted on a remote server.

sign1

The researchers noticed that attackers employed dynamically changing URLs, the use of dynamic JavaScript code allows to change URLs every 10 minutes. The code is executed in the visitors’ browser, leading to unwanted redirects and ads for site visitors.

This code stands out because it checks whether the visitor came from a well-known website like Google, Facebook, Yahoo, or Instagram. If the visitor isn’t referred by one of these popular sites, the malicious code won’t run. Threat actors used this trick to avoid detection. Normally, someone who owns a website would visit it directly, instead of going through a search engine first. Malware uses this difference to try and stay…

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