Tag Archive for: actively

Apple Releases Patches for Actively Exploited Flaws in iOS, macOS, and Safari

/in


Jun 22, 2023Ravie LakshmananVulnerability / Endpoint Security

iOS, macOS, and Safari

Apple on Wednesday released a slew of updates for iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS, and Safari browser to address a set of flaws it said were actively exploited in the wild.

This includes a pair of zero-days that have been weaponized in a mobile surveillance campaign called Operation Triangulation that has been active since 2019. The exact threat actor behind the activity is not known.

  • CVE-2023-32434 – An integer overflow vulnerability in the Kernel that could be exploited by a malicious app to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
  • CVE-2023-32435 – A memory corruption vulnerability in WebKit that could lead to arbitrary code execution when processing specially crafted web content.

The iPhone maker said it’s aware that the two issues “may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS released before iOS 15.7,” crediting Kaspersky researchers Georgy Kucherin, Leonid Bezvershenko, and Boris Larin for reporting them.

The advisory comes as the Russian cybersecurity vendor dissected the spyware implant used in the zero-click attack campaign targeting iOS devices via iMessages carrying an attachment embedded with an exploit for the kernel remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability.

The exploit code is also engineered to download additional components to obtain root privileges on the target device, after which the backdoor is deployed in memory and the initial iMessage is deleted to conceal the infection trail.

The sophisticated implant, called TriangleDB, operates solely in the memory, leaving no traces of the activity following a device reboot. It also comes with diverse data collection and tracking capabilities.

Cybersecurity

This includes “interacting with the device’s file system (including file creation, modification, exfiltration, and removal), managing processes (listing and termination), extracting keychain items to gather victim credentials, and monitoring the victim’s geolocation, among others.”

In an attempt to complete the attack puzzle and gather its different moving parts, Kaspersky has released a utility called “triangle_check” that organizations can use to scan iOS device backups and hunt for any signs of…

Source…

Hackers Actively Exploiting Zero-Day in Fortra’s GoAnywhere MFT

/in


Feb 04, 2023Ravie LakshmananZero-Day / Vulnerability

Zero-Day in Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT

A zero-day vulnerability affecting Fortra’s GoAnywhere MFT managed file transfer application is being actively exploited in the wild.

Details of the flaw were first publicly shared by security reporter Brian Krebs on Mastodon. No public advisory has been published by Fortra.

The vulnerability is a case of remote code injection that requires access to the administrative console of the application, making it imperative that the systems are not exposed to the public internet.

According to security researcher Kevin Beaumont, there are over 1,000 on-premise instances that are publicly accessible over the internet, a majority of which are located in the U.S.

“The Fortra advisory Krebs quoted advises GoAnywhere MFT customers to review all administrative users and monitor for unrecognized usernames, especially those created by system,” Rapid7 researcher Caitlin Condon said.

“The logical deduction is that Fortra is likely seeing follow-on attacker behavior that includes the creation of new administrative or other users to take over or maintain persistence on vulnerable target systems.”

Alternatively, the cybersecurity company said it’s possible for threat actors to exploit reused, weak, or default credentials to obtain administrative access to the console.

There is no patch currently available for the zero-day vulnerability, although Fortra has released workarounds to remove the “License Response Servlet” configuration from the web.xml file.

Vulnerabilities in file transfer solutions have become appealing targets for threat actors, what with flaws in Accellion and FileZen weaponized for data theft and extortion.

Found this article interesting? Follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn to read more exclusive content we post.

Source…


[the_ad_group id="27628"]

CISA: Urgent patching needed for actively exploited Linux kernel flaw

/in


SecurityWeek reports that federal agencies have been ordered by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency to remediate within three weeks a Linux kernel bug, tracked as CVE-2021-3493, which has been added to the agency’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog following active exploitation by the new stealthy Linux malware Shikitega.

Linux-based IoT devices and endpoints have been targeted by the Shikitega malware, which abuses CVE-2021-3493 and CVE-2021-4034, also known as PwnKit, to facilitate privilege escalation. However, only Ubuntu has so far been observed to be impacted by the Linux kernel vulnerability.

Despite requiring only federal agencies to apply patches for the flaw until Nov. 10, the CISA has urged all organizations across the U.S. immediately address the vulnerability and other bugs included in its KEV catalog.

CISA has also updated its KEV catalog to include a recent flaw impacting Zimbra systems, which has only been addressed following active exploitation by threat actors.

Source…

Top CVEs Actively Exploited By People’s Republic of China State-Sponsored Cyber Actors

/in


Summary

This joint Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA) provides the top Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) used since 2020 by People’s Republic of China (PRC) state-sponsored cyber actors as assessed by the National Security Agency (NSA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). PRC state-sponsored cyber actors continue to exploit known vulnerabilities to actively target U.S. and allied networks as well as software and hardware companies to steal intellectual property and develop access into sensitive networks.

This joint CSA builds on previous NSA, CISA, and FBI reporting to inform federal and state, local, tribal and territorial (SLTT) government; critical infrastructure, including the Defense Industrial Base Sector; and private sector organizations about notable trends and persistent tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs).

NSA, CISA, and FBI urge U.S. and allied governments, critical infrastructure, and private sector organizations to apply the recommendations listed in the Mitigations section and Appendix A to increase their defensive posture and reduce the threat of compromise from PRC state-sponsored malicious cyber actors.

For more information on PRC state-sponsored malicious cyber activity, see CISA’s China Cyber Threat Overview and Advisories webpage, FBI’s Industry Alerts, and NSA’s Cybersecurity Advisories & Guidance. 

Download the PDF version of this report: pdf, 409 KB

Technical Details

NSA, CISA, and FBI continue to assess PRC state-sponsored cyber activities as being one of the largest and most dynamic threats to U.S. government and civilian networks. PRC state-sponsored cyber actors continue to target government and critical infrastructure networks with an increasing array of new and adaptive techniques—some of which pose a significant risk to Information Technology Sector organizations (including telecommunications providers), Defense Industrial Base (DIB) Sector organizations, and other critical infrastructure organizations.

PRC state-sponsored cyber actors continue to exploit known vulnerabilities and use publicly available tools to target networks of interest. NSA, CISA, and FBI assess PRC state-sponsored cyber actors have actively targeted U.S. and allied networks as well as software and hardware companies to steal intellectual property and develop access into sensitive networks. See Table 1 for the top used CVEs.

Table I: Top CVEs most used by Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors since 2020

Vendor

CVE

Vulnerability Type

Apache Log4j

CVE-2021-44228

Remote Code Execution

Pulse Connect Secure

CVE-2019-11510

Arbitrary File Read

GitLab CE/EE

CVE-2021-22205

Remote Code Execution

Atlassian

CVE-2022-26134

Remote Code Execution

Microsoft Exchange

CVE-2021-26855

Remote Code Execution

F5 Big-IP

CVE-2020-5902

Remote Code Execution

VMware vCenter Server

CVE-2021-22005

Arbitrary File Upload

Citrix ADC

CVE-2019-19781

Path Traversal

Cisco Hyperflex

CVE-2021-1497

Command Line Execution

Buffalo WSR

CVE-2021-20090

Relative Path Traversal

Atlassian Confluence Server and Data Center

CVE-2021-26084

Remote Code Execution

Hikvision Webserver

CVE-2021-36260

Command Injection

Sitecore XP

CVE-2021-42237

Remote Code Execution

F5 Big-IP

CVE-2022-1388

Remote Code Execution

Apache

CVE-2022-24112

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing

ZOHO

CVE-2021-40539

Remote Code Execution

Microsoft

CVE-2021-26857

Remote Code Execution

Microsoft

CVE-2021-26858

Remote Code Execution

Microsoft

CVE-2021-27065

Remote Code Execution

Apache HTTP Server

CVE-2021-41773

Path Traversal

These state-sponsored actors continue to use virtual private networks (VPNs) to obfuscate their activities and target web-facing applications to establish initial access. Many of the CVEs indicated in Table 1 allow the actors to surreptitiously gain unauthorized access into sensitive networks, after which they seek to establish persistence and move laterally to other internally connected networks. For additional information on PRC state-sponsored cyber actors targeting network devices, please see People’s Republic of China State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Exploit Network Providers and Devices.

Mitigations

NSA, CISA, and FBI urge organizations to apply the recommendations below and those listed in Appendix A.

Appendix A

Table II: Apache CVE-2021-44228

Apache CVE-2021-44228 CVSS 3.0: 10 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

Apache Log4j2 2.0-beta9 through 2.15.0 (excluding security releases 2.12.2, 2.12.3, and 2.3.1) JNDI features used in configuration, log messages, and parameters do not protect against malicious actor controlled LDAP and other JNDI related endpoints. A malicious actor who can control log messages or log message parameters could execute arbitrary code loaded from LDAP servers when message lookup substitution is enabled. From log4j 2.15.0, this behavior has been disabled by default. From version 2.16.0 (along with 2.12.2, 2.12.3, and 2.3.1), this functionality has been completely removed. Note that this vulnerability is specific to log4j-core and does not affect log4net, log4cxx, or other Apache Logging Services projects.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Apply patches provided by vendor and perform required system updates.

Detection Methods

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

There are numerous vulnerable technologies and versions associated with CVE-2021-44228. For a full list, check https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44228.

Table III: Pulse CVE-2019-11510

Pulse CVE-2019-11510 CVSS 3.0: 10 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

This vulnerability has been modified since it was last analyzed by NVD. It is awaiting reanalysis, which may result in further changes to the information provided. In Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure (PCS) 8.2 before 8.2R12.1, 8.3 before 8.3R7.1, and 9.0 before 9.0R3.4, an unauthenticated remote malicious actor could send a specially crafted URI to perform an arbitrary file reading vulnerability.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Apply patches provided by vendor and perform required system updates.

Detection Methods

  • Use CISA’s “Check Your Pulse” Tool.

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Pulse Connect Secure (PCS) 8.2 before 8.2R12.1, 8.3 before 8.3R7.1, and 9.0 before 9.0R3.4

Table IV: GitLab CVE-2021-22205

GitLab CVE-2021-22205 CVSS 3.0: 10 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 11.9. GitLab was not properly validating image files passed to a file parser, which resulted in a remote command execution.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Update to 12.10.3, 13.9.6, and 13.8.8 for GitLab.
  • Hotpatch is available via GitLab.

Detection Methods

  • Investigate logfiles.
  • Check GitLab Workhorse.

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Gitlab CE/EE.

Table V: Atlassian CVE-2022-26134

Atlassian CVE-2022-26134 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

In affected versions of Confluence Server and Data Center, an OGNL injection vulnerability exists that could allow an unauthenticated malicious actor to execute arbitrary code on a Confluence Server or Data Center instance. The affected versions are from 1.3.0 before 7.4.17, 7.13.0 before 7.13.7, 7.14.0 before 7.14.3, 7.15.0 before 7.15.2, 7.16.0 before 7.16.4, 7.17.0 before 7.17.4, and 7.18.0 before 7.18.1.

Recommended Mitigations 

  • Immediately block all Internet traffic to and from affected products AND apply the update per vendor instructions. 
  • Ensure Internet-facing servers are up-to-date and have secure compliance practices.
  • Short term workaround is provided here.

Detection Methods

N/A

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

All supported versions of Confluence Server and Data Center

Confluence Server and Data Center versions after 1.3.0

Table VI: Microsoft CVE-2021-26855

Microsoft CVE-2021-26855                                                     CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

Microsoft has released security updates for Windows Exchange Server. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an authenticated malicious actor could send malicious requests to an affected server. A malicious actor  who successfully exploited these vulnerabilities would execute arbitrary code and compromise the affected systems. If successfully exploited, these vulnerabilities could allow an adversary to obtain access to sensitive information, bypass security restrictions, cause a denial of service conditions, and/or perform unauthorized actions on the affected Exchange server, which could aid in further malicious activity.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Apply the appropriate Microsoft Security Update.
  • Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 23 (KB5000871)
  • Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 18 (KB5000871)
  • Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 19 (KB5000871)
  • Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 7 (KB5000871)
  • Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 8 (KB5000871)
  • Restrict untrusted connections.

Detection Methods

  • Analyze Exchange product logs for evidence of exploitation.
  • Scan for known webshells.

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Microsoft Exchange 2013, 2016, and 2019.

Table VII: F5 CVE-2020-5902

Table VIII: VMware CVE-2021-22005

VMware CVE-2021-22005 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

The vCenter Server contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Analytics service. A malicious actor with network access to port 443 on vCenter Server may exploit this issue to execute code on vCenter Server by uploading a specially crafted file.

Recommended Mitigations

Detection Methods

N/A

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

VMware Cloud Foundation

VMware VCenter Server

Table IX: Citrix CVE-2019-19781

Citrix CVE-2019-19781 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

This vulnerability has been modified since it was last analyzed by NVD. It is awaiting reanalysis, which may result in further changes to the information provided. An issue was discovered in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0. They allow Directory Traversal.

Recommended Mitigations

Detection Methods

N/A

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Citrix ADC, Gateway, and SD-WAN WANOP

Table X: Cisco CVE-2021-1497

Cisco CVE-2021-1497 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco HyperFlex HX could allow an unauthenticated, remote malicious actor to perform a command injection against an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Technical details section of this advisory.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Apply Cisco software updates.

Detection Methods

  • Look at the Snort Rules provided by Cisco.

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Cisco Hyperflex Hx Data Platform 4.0(2A)

Table XI: Buffalo CVE-2021-20090

Buffalo CVE-2021-20090 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

A path traversal vulnerability in the web interfaces of Buffalo WSR-2533DHPL2 firmware version <= 1.02 and WSR-2533DHP3 firmware version <= 1.24 could allow unauthenticated remote malicious actors to bypass authentication.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Update firmware to latest available version.

 

Detection Methods

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Buffalo Wsr-2533Dhpl2-Bk Firmware

Buffalo Wsr-2533Dhp3-Bk Firmware

Table XII: Atlassian CVE-2021-26084

Atlassian CVE-2021-26084 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

In affected versions of Confluence Server and Data Center, an OGNL injection vulnerability exists that would allow an unauthenticated malicious actor to execute arbitrary code on a Confluence Server or Data Center instance. The affected versions are before version 6.13.23 and from version 6.14.0 before 7.4.11, version 7.5.0 before 7.11.6, and version 7.12.0 before 7.12.5.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Update confluence version to 6.13.23, 7.4.11, 7.11.6, 7.12.5, and 7.13.0.
  • Avoid using end-of-life devices.
  • Use Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS).

Detection Methods

N/A

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Atlassian Confluence

Atlassian Confluence Server

Atlassian Data Center

Atlassian Jira Data Center

Table XIII: Hikvision CVE-2021-36260

Hikvision CVE-2021-36260 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

This vulnerability has been modified since it was last analyzed by NVD. It is awaiting reanalysis, which may result in further changes to the information provided. A command injection vulnerability exists in the web server of some Hikvision products. Due to the insufficient input validation, a malicious actor can exploit the vulnerability to launch a command injection by sending some messages with malicious commands.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Apply the latest firmware updates.

Detection Methods

N/A

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Various Hikvision Firmware to include Ds, Ids, and Ptz

References

https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/current-activity/2021/09/28/rce-vulnerability-hikvision-cameras-cve-2021-36260  

Table XIV: Sitecore CVE-2021-42237

Sitecore CVE-2021-42237 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

Sitecore XP 7.5 Initial Release to Sitecore XP 8.2 Update-7 is vulnerable to an insecure deserialization attack where it is possible to achieve remote command execution on the machine. No authentication or special configuration is required to exploit this vulnerability.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Update to latest version.
  • Delete the Report.ashx file from /sitecore/shell/ClientBin/Reporting/Report.ashx.

Detection Methods

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Sitecore Experience Platform 7.5, 7.5 Update 1, and 7.5 Update 2

Sitecore Experience Platform 8.0, 8.0 Service Pack 1, and 8.0 Update 1-Update 7

Sitecore Experience Platform 8.0 Service Pack 1

Sitecore Experience Platform 8.1, and  Update 1-Update 3

Sitecore Experience Platform 8.2, and Update 1-Update 7

Table XV: F5 CVE-2022-1388

F5 CVE-2022-1388 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

This vulnerability has been modified since it was last analyzed by NVD. It is awaiting reanalysis, which may result in further changes to the information provided. On F5 BIG-IP 16.1.x versions prior to 16.1.2.2, 15.1.x versions prior to 15.1.5.1, 14.1.x versions prior to 14.1.4.6, 13.1.x versions prior to 13.1.5, and all 12.1.x and 11.6.x versions, undisclosed requests may bypass iControl REST authentication. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Block iControl REST access through the self IP address.
  • Block iControl REST access through the management interface.
  • Modify the BIG-IP httpd configuration.

Detection Methods

N/A

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Big IP versions:

16.1.0-16.1.2

15.1.0-15.1.5

14.1.0-14.1.4

13.1.0-13.1.4

12.1.0-12.1.6

11.6.1-11.6.5

Table XVI: Apache CVE-2022-24112

Apache CVE-2022-24112 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

A malicious actor can abuse the batch-requests plugin to send requests to bypass the IP restriction of Admin API. A default configuration of Apache APISIX (with default API key) is vulnerable to remote code execution. When the admin key was changed or the port of Admin API was changed to a port different from the data panel, the impact is lower. But there is still a risk to bypass the IP restriction of Apache APISIX’s data panel. There is a check in the batch-requests plugin which overrides the client IP with its real remote IP. But due to a bug in the code, this check can be bypassed.

Recommended Mitigations

  • In affected versions of Apache APISIX, you can avoid this risk by explicitly commenting out batch-requests in the conf/config.yaml and conf/config-default.yaml files and restarting Apache APISIX.
  • Update to 2.10.4 or 2.12.1.

Detection Methods

N/A

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Apache APISIX between 1.3 and 2.12.1 (excluding 2.12.1)

LTS versions of Apache APISIX between 2.10.0 and 2.10.4

Table XVII: ZOHO CVE-2021-40539

ZOHO CVE-2021-40539 CVSS 3.0: 9.8 (Critical)

Vulnerability Description

Zoho ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus version 6113 and prior is vulnerable to REST API authentication bypass with resultant remote code execution.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Upgrade to latest version.

Detection Methods

  • Run ManageEngine’s detection tool.
  • Check for specific files and logs.

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Zoho Corp ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus

Table XVIII: Microsoft CVE-2021-26857

Microsoft CVE-2021-26857 CVSS 3.0: 7.8 (High)

Vulnerability Description

Microsoft Exchange Server remote code execution vulnerability. This CVE ID differs from CVE-2021-26412, CVE-2021-26854, CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26858, CVE-2021-27065, and CVE-2021-27078.

Recommended Mitigations

  • Update to support latest version.
  • Install Microsoft security patch.
  • Use Microsoft Exchange On-Premises Mitigation Tool.

Detection Methods

  • Run Exchange script: https://github.com/microsoft/CSS-Exchange/tree/main/Security.
  • Hashes can be found here: https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/#scan-log.

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Microsoft Exchange Servers

Table XIX: Microsoft CVE-2021-26858

Table XX: Microsoft CVE-2021-27065

Table XXI: Apache CVE-2021-41773

Apache CVE-2021-41773 CVSS 3.0: 7.5 (High)

Vulnerability Description

This vulnerability has been modified since it was last analyzed by NVD. It is awaiting reanalysis, which may result in further changes to the information provided. A flaw was found in a change made to path normalization in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.49. A malicious actor could use a path traversal attack to map URLs to files outside the directories configured by Alias-like directives. If files outside of these directories are not protected by the usual default configuration “require all denied,” these requests can succeed. Enabling CGI scripts for these aliased paths could allow for remote code execution. This issue is known to be exploited in the wild. This issue only affects Apache 2.4.49 and not earlier versions. The fix in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.50 is incomplete (see CVE-2021-42013).

Recommended Mitigations

Detection Methods

  • Commercially available scanners can detect CVE.

Vulnerable Technologies and Versions

Apache HTTP Server 2.4.49 and 2.4.50

Fedoraproject Fedora 34 and 35

Oracle Instantis Enterprise Track 17.1-17.3

Netapp Cloud Backup

Revisions

Initial Publication: October 6, 2022

This product is provided subject to this Notification and this Privacy & Use policy.

Source…